Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is a form of federal financial assistance for people who have suffered a disabling health condition that impacts their ability to work. Even a partial disability may qualify a person for SSDI benefits. However, an applicant must show that the impairment prevents them from engaging in “substantial gainful activity.” This can be a high burden of proof to meet.

The Social Security Administration (SSA) defines substantial gainful activity as paid work that involves significant physical or mental activities. If an individual’s earnings exceed a certain level, the SSA assumes the person is capable of engaging in SGA and therefore is not eligible for SSDI benefits.

As of 2024, the SGA earnings limit for non-blind individuals is $1,550 per month, and for blind individuals, it is $2,590 per month. These limits are adjusted annually for inflation. In 2025, they will increase to $1,620 and $2,700 respectively.

SGA is measured primarily by the applicant’s monthly earnings. However, the nature of the work is also considered. If someone is self-employed or working part-time, the SSA may look at the time, effort and value of the work. This means that even if someone earns less than the SGA threshold but works in a capacity that is considered substantial, they could be deemed ineligible.

Conversely, downward adjustments can be made to earnings in certain circumstances. For example, certain expenses related to the individual’s disability (e.g., assistive devices or special transportation) may be deducted from the earnings to determine whether they exceed the SGA threshold.

The SSA allows applicants a "trial work period," during which they can test their ability to return to work while still receiving SSDI benefits. During this period, An individual can earn more than the SGA limit without losing benefits for up to nine months, after which the SSA will reassess their eligibility.

Having an experienced Social Security Disability attorney by your side can significantly improve your chances of success in proving your working ability is below the SGA threshold. An attorney can evaluate your case, help gather necessary medical evidence and represent you effectively at all stages of the application process.

At Massengill, Caldwell & Coughlin, P.C., we assist applicants for SSDI benefits from the initial application through at least the hearing level. Located in Bristol, we proudly serve clients in Kingsport, Johnson City, Upper East Tennessee, and much of Southwest Virginia. Call us at 423-797-6022 or contact us online to schedule a consultation.